Best Engineering Projects

[...] is generally used in audio system which is characterized by a maximally flat-flat filter. Circuit Description of Speech Filter: A speech filter using an R-C network for filtering is illustrated in [...]

[...] is generally used in audio system which is characterized by a maximally flat-flat filter. Circuit Description of Audio Filter Circuit: A audio filter circuit using an R-C network for filtering is [...]

[...] of electronic code lock system has been described briefly in the second paragraph. Circuit Description of Electronic Code Lock In the circuit electronic code lock, the lock code is set through [...]

[...] upon source and load impedance. The circuit simple preamplifier has low input impedance. Circuit Description of Simple Preamplifier The circuit of simple preamplifier is designed using a single low [...]

[...] off since diode D1 becomes forward biased. The output of IC1 from pin 9 is given to base of transistor T1 base through resistor R4. Transistor T1 is here used as loudspeaker driver. The output from [...]

[...] or thereafter, the level of water in the lower tank reaches a level lower than the rod D, the transistor T1 will go out of saturation, LED1 will extinguish and the flip-flop will […] [...]

[...] contains four tones. The output is taken from pin 3 of IC1 and is connected to base of transistor T1 through resistor R3 and VR1 for amplification. The third terminal of VR1 is connected to [...]

[...] frequency of 4.5 KHz signal. The output tone frequency is given to the base of speaker driver transistor T1 which further drive the loudspeaker. Receiver Circuit: Block diagram of receiver circuit is [...]

[...] few passive components and a 741 IC to be test. All the components are connected as shown in circuit diagram. A LED1 is used to indicate either IC is good or fault. Glowing LED1 indicate IC is good. [...]

[...] . The output of microphone is given to pin 2 of IC1 through resistor R1 as shown in circuit diagram. The output is taken from pin 6 of IC1. The value of amplified output is equal to R1/R2 where [...]

[...] . A variable resistor on the side allows the frequencies of the flashing to be varied. Circuit diagram of high-brightness LED strobe is shown in figure 1. The entire circuit is build around timer [...]

[...] (FSK) can also be generated by applying the rectangular wave modulating signal to a VCO. Circuit diagram of such a system is shown in figure 1. The VCO output is the desired FSK signal, which is [...]

[...] . This circuit provides the regulated voltage for 100mA load with its quiescent range and its output voltage is also adjustable from 4.5V to 9.5V range. Circuit Description of Non-Destructive Power [...]

[...] filtered by 1000 capacitor C1. The zener diode ZD1 is used to form the reference voltage and output voltage is selected by potentiometer VR1. Transistor T1 forms emitter follower, and voltage at [...]

[...] ) & non-inverting pin (pin 3) make transistor T1 ON. According to input voltage of IC its output voltage also changed which is given to base of transistor and as a result output voltage is [...]

[...] circuit for the desired range, first of all resistance VR1 is adjusted to give the required output voltage. The maximum permissible load is connected […] [...]

[...] , the transistor T1 also cuts off as the line voltage drops to about 11V. As a result, transistor T2 gets forward biased through resistor R2 and offers transistor T3 with a DC path in the FM [...]

[...] transistor T1. Transistor T3 is included to compensate for the Vbe temperature drift in transistor T2. Transistor T3 can be omitted if about -2mA/0C voltage variation are acceptable. The [...]

[...] follower, and voltage at emitter of T1 is equal to the voltage at the varying point of VR1. Transistor T2 is used to sense the output voltage.   Timer IC (IC1) is here configured as monostable [...]

[...] changed which is given to base of transistor and as a result output voltage is controlled. Transistor T2 is used here for short circuit protection. If output current is increased or when short [...]

[...] . The T6 transistor generates a constant current to provide a linear charging rate to capacitor C2. The uni-junction transistor, T5, discharges C2 when it voltage reaches T5’s firing voltage. [...]

[...] comprises diode D7 through D10. The pulsating DC voltage from rectifier is filtered by capacitor C2 and is given to non-inverting input (pin 3) of op-amp through resistor R1 and preset VR1. [...]

[...] resistor R2. The input sensitivity of the circuit is 65Mv with the value of resistor R2 = 47Ω. Capacitor C2 should be fairly large to ensure a good low-frequency response. Capacitor C3 decouples the [...]

[...] wire from microphone is connected to inverting input (pin 2) of IC1 through resistor R2 and capacitor C2. The output of IC1 from pin 6 is given to base of transistor T1 and T2. These transistors are [...]

[...] indicated by glowing LED1 which is connected to secondary coil of transformer X1 through resistor R3. The battery is charged through charger circuit provided charger switch SW2 is ‘on’ ( [...]

[...] amplifier using TDA2020 is determined by resistor R1 and sensitivity is determined by resistor R3 and R2. The input sensitivity of the circuit for 20Watt into 4Ω loudspeaker is 275mV. A [...]

[...] is used in non-inverting configuration. If the measuring voltage is noisy, capacitor C3 with resistor R3 have been used for filtering and limiting the input voltage. And is also help in case of [...]

[...] . The output is taken from pin 3 of IC1 and is connected to base of transistor T1 through resistor R3 and VR1 for amplification. The third terminal of VR1 is connected to base of transistor [...]

[...] in inverter mode and IC2 in schmit trigger mode. The output of IC1 is dependent in input voltage and is given to input of IC2. IC2 become ON and OFF in fixed time interval. The triangle [...]

[...] IC is in the alarm condition. Typical values of operating current ranges from 5 to 15 m. A. Input voltage threshold: -It is the minimum value of the level of either positive or negative input voltage [...]

[...] X1 gets connected to the AC mains supply. At this time transformer X1 step-down the input voltage of 115V to 24V, this is always constant. The stepped down voltage from transformer is [...]

[...] voltage is noisy, capacitor C3 with resistor R3 have been used for filtering and limiting the input voltage. And is also help in case of overload. In order to clamp the transient voltage, voltage [...]