Tom "Prophet" Hsiung

[...] with symptoms. When direct treatment of the hyponatremia is justified, a 0.9% solution of sodium chloride should be used since this solution effectively replaces both the sodium and water deficits [...]

[...] hyponatremia should receive either 3% (513 mEq/L of sodium) or 0.9% (154 mEq/L of sodium) sodium chloride solution until severe symptoms resolve. Resolution of severe symptoms frequently requires [...]

[...] Because RCT data were used to identify those most likely to benefit from cholesterol-lowering statin therapy, the recommendations will be of value to primary care clinicians as well as specialists [...]

[...] prevention of ASCVD. For patients with clinical ASCVD and within age of 75 years, high-intensity statin therapy should be initiated if they are not on statin therapy, or the intensity shall be [...]

[...] renal insufficiency. And it is important to recognize that the rate of increase in the serum sodium concentration can substantially increase once hypovolemia has been corrected if infusion rates are [...]

[...] this form of hyponatremia is termed pseudohyponatremia since it cause is the method of serum sodium concentration measurement, which is a laboratory artifact and is uncommon today. Hyponatremia [...]

[...] associated with decreased plasma osmolality is the most common forum of hyponatremia. Hypotonic hyponatremia can be divided into three categories: hypotonic hyponatremia with, decreased, increased, [...]

[...] The desired outcome of nonemergent hypotonic hyponatremia is the same as described in the former post. For all hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, [...]

[...] . Each uses a different strategy to circumvent the barrier posed by the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. Today here we will discuss about the G protein receptor, which is a transmembrane receptor [...]

[...] receptors. Several biologic ligands are sufficiently lipid-soluble to cross the plasma membrane and act on intracellular receptors. The adequate lipid-soluble property is the [...]

[...] connected by a hydrophobic segment of the polypeptide that crosses the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. The receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway begins with binding of ligand, typically a [...]

[...] -Gated Channels Some ligands including natural and agents regulate the flow of ions through plasma membrane channels which could be understood as ligand-gated receptors/channels. The natural ligands [...]

[...] The human body tightly regulates blood volume and plasma osmolality as both are essential for normal cellular function. Blood volume is important because it is [...]

[...] to volume changes, but time is required for this adaptation to occur. When a decline in plasma osmolality causes movement of water into brain cells, sodium, potassium, and organic osmolytes move out [...]

[...] the 0.9% NaCl to 0.45% NaCl at a rate of approximate the urine output). Nonemergent Euvolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia Again firstly, it is important for both the short- and long-term management of the [...]

[...] been a recent increase in the diuretic dose or other causes of hyponatremia develop. Euvolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia is associated with a normal or slightly decreased [...]

[...] .com/wordpress/2014/10/intracellular-receptors-for-lipid-soluble-agents/); 2. a transmembrane receptor protein whose intracellular enzymatic activity is allosterically regulated by a ligand that [...]

[...] -solube ligand that crosses the membrane and acts on an intracellular receptor; 2. a transmembrane receptor protein whose intracellular enzymatic activity is allosterically regulated by a ligand that [...]

[...] plasma membrane. Today here we will discuss about the G protein receptor, which is a transmembrane receptor protein that stimulates a GTP-binding signal transducer protein (G protein) that in turn [...]

[...] be avoid since these underling causes of hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia are related to renal sodium and water excretion impairment. Monitor Patients should initially be evaluated on a daily [...]

[...] of sodium in kidneys), as in patients with diarrhea, and >20 mEq/L in patients with renal sodium losses, as occurs in the setting of diuretic use or adrenal insufficiency. Second, the [...]